Changes in the complexmodulus G* of the milk gelswith variedmilk
solids as a function of incubation time are shown in Fig. 2(A). Complex
modulus of the milk gel reflects on the number and strength of bonds
between the casein particles. In this study, the setting time was defined
as the time at which the value of G* reached 5 Pa. The value of G* at the
end of incubation, when the pH of the milk reached 4.6 at 43 °C, was
defined as final G*. Setting time and final G* values of all formulations
are summarized in Table 1. Although the setting times of all three yoghurt
gels with different milk solids were similar, the final G* values
were different. The final G* values of the yoghurt gels containing 10,
11 or 12% milk solids increased with increasing concentration in milk
solids. The final G* values of the yoghurt gels with lower total milk solids
(e.g. 10% or 11%) were not significantly different, but they were significantly
lower than the final G* values obtained for the yoghurt gel with
higher milk solids (e.g. 12%) (Table 1), indicating increased protein–
protein interaction within the gel with high milk solids.