immediate measure of intervention effectiveness. The distinction
between pinpointing safe versus unsafe behaviors for change is often
overlooked, but it has important implications for selecting an appropriate
behavior-change strategy. For instance, reinforcement is an appropriate
strategy when the goal is to increase the frequency or probability of a
behavior, whereas punishment (e.g., progressive discipline) is the
strategy for decreasing the frequency or probability of a behavior
(Catania, 2000). Although punishment may be appropriate under rare
circumstances, such as when a blatant disregard or violation of a clear
safety rule or policy occurs, the vast majority of behavioral safety
providers advocate positive reinforcement to promote safe behaviors.
[More about reinforcement and punishment later].
One of the most important research questions in this area is
whether the effectiveness of a behavioral safety process depends on
the specificity with which the target behaviors are defined. One
approach is to identify several different general categories or classes of
behaviors associated with an increased risk of causing injuries or
illnesses (Komaki et al., 1978). An apparent advantage of specifying
classes of safety behaviors, rather than every instance or occurrence of
a specific behavior, is the potential for influencing a large set of safetyrelated
behaviors efficiently. A potential disadvantage of specifying
several classes of safety behaviors is that influence over any one
specific instance of behavior might be limited and attention might be
directed toward behaviors that do not currently pose a risk. It is
perhaps more effective and efficient to differentiate safety-related
behaviors according to whether they have led to injuries in the past
versus only those classes of behavior that have recently caused
injuries (K
especially in large industrial settings; however, an alternative
immediate measure of intervention effectiveness. The distinctionbetween pinpointing safe versus unsafe behaviors for change is oftenoverlooked, but it has important implications for selecting an appropriatebehavior-change strategy. For instance, reinforcement is an appropriatestrategy when the goal is to increase the frequency or probability of abehavior, whereas punishment (e.g., progressive discipline) is thestrategy for decreasing the frequency or probability of a behavior(Catania, 2000). Although punishment may be appropriate under rarecircumstances, such as when a blatant disregard or violation of a clearsafety rule or policy occurs, the vast majority of behavioral safetyproviders advocate positive reinforcement to promote safe behaviors.[More about reinforcement and punishment later].One of the most important research questions in this area iswhether the effectiveness of a behavioral safety process depends onthe specificity with which the target behaviors are defined. Oneapproach is to identify several different general categories or classes ofbehaviors associated with an increased risk of causing injuries orillnesses (Komaki et al., 1978). An apparent advantage of specifyingclasses of safety behaviors, rather than every instance or occurrence ofa specific behavior, is the potential for influencing a large set of safetyrelatedbehaviors efficiently. A potential disadvantage of specifyingseveral classes of safety behaviors is that influence over any onespecific instance of behavior might be limited and attention might bedirected toward behaviors that do not currently pose a risk. It isperhaps more effective and efficient to differentiate safety-relatedbehaviors according to whether they have led to injuries in the pastversus only those classes of behavior that have recently causedinjuries (Kespecially in large industrial settings; however, an alternative
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