Study population and aggregates
Two types of populations were included in the study: migrant populations working temporarily in rubber plantations, palm oil plantations, fishing sites or a various types of fieldwork (internal migrants were those who traveled from one geographic region to other within Myanmar, and cross-border migrants were those who migrated across the Myanmar-Thailand border); and stable populations residing in the study site including basic health staff (BHS), local authorities, employers, volunteers and health providers. Mobile/migrant population was defined as a group of individuals (worker plus his/her family members) who had the following characteristics: 1) history of travel across the Myanmar-Thailand border or between the study site and other parts of the country; and 2) history of residence in the study site over a month or across the malaria transmission season, or for the whole year (stayed at least for one year). The migrant aggregates were categorized as “Large” for a group of at least 60 individuals whose economic activity was homogenous in nature and located far away from residing villages; “Small” for a group consisting of 25–60 individuals who lived close to economic activity but may or may not to be close to the village; and “Cut-off village settlement” who lived close to villages, share same resources and economically dependent on villages.