Literally, the name "tom yam" derives from two Thai words: "tom" and "yam". "Tom" refers to the boiling process, while "yam" refers to a Thai spicy and sour salad. Indeed, tom yum has distinct hot and sour flavours, with fragrant spices and herbs generously used in the broth. The basic broth comprises stock and fresh ingredients such as lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, galangal, lime juice, fish sauce, and crushed chili peppers.