Special interest has been shown in the size of the first-ranking or primate city, compared with other cities, in a nation. Stewart (1958) has examined the relationship between the primate city (P1) and the second largest city (p2) in a cross-section of 72 countries. He found that the ratios did not cluster around 0.50 as expected under the rank-size rule, but that for the whole sample the median relationship was 0.31 (i.e. the second city was characteristically one-third the size of the first). Ratios ranged from countries like Canada with values as high as 0.65 to Uruguay with only 0.06. Stewart found few regularities in the distribution of these ratios, other than the fact that the larger countries tended to have high ratios. For six of these countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, United States, and U.S.S.R.) the ratios were also calculated for the cities in their various internal subdivisions (states, provinces, etc.). These ranged from median ratios of 0.43 for the United States to the remarkably low ratio of 0.07 for Australia, where five of its six states are