RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Extraction of phenolic fractions from mangosteen bark, leaf
and fruit pericarp
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the
extraction of phenolic compounds from mangosteen bark, leaf
and fruit pericarp with water. Plots showing the influence of
the independent variable temperature and solid:water ratio
on the recovery of phenolics from each tissue are shown in
Fig. 1. Extraction from pericarp and bark was influenced by both
parameters and yields increased linearly with temperature and
solid:water ratio. Higher yieldswere obtained frombark(maximum
65.94 ± 0.76 mg GA g−1) than pericarp (45.33 ± 0.37 mg GA g−1),
particularly at higher extraction temperatures (Table 2). In contrast,
the highest yields were obtained from leaves (106.21 ± 0.63 mg
GA g−1) but extraction rate was not affected by temperature.
Hence the major phenolic fraction in leaves appears to be soluble
in water at temperatures ≤ 40 ◦C. Alternatively, it is possible
that thermal degradation occurs at temperatures > 40 ◦C as
some phenolic compounds are heat-labile.24 Extracts were also
obtained in methanol using a procedure reported to maximize
recovery of phenolic compounds from mangosteen tissues.5 The
procedure yielded bark, leaf and pericarp extracts containing
70.18 ± 6.51, 110.24 ± 9.12 and 37.68 ± 2.98 mg GA g−1 total
phenolics, respectively, indicating that the relative ranking and
yields obtained by extraction withmethanol were similar to those
achieved with water under optimum conditions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Extraction of phenolic fractions from mangosteen bark, leaf
and fruit pericarp
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the
extraction of phenolic compounds from mangosteen bark, leaf
and fruit pericarp with water. Plots showing the influence of
the independent variable temperature and solid:water ratio
on the recovery of phenolics from each tissue are shown in
Fig. 1. Extraction from pericarp and bark was influenced by both
parameters and yields increased linearly with temperature and
solid:water ratio. Higher yieldswere obtained frombark(maximum
65.94 ± 0.76 mg GA g−1) than pericarp (45.33 ± 0.37 mg GA g−1),
particularly at higher extraction temperatures (Table 2). In contrast,
the highest yields were obtained from leaves (106.21 ± 0.63 mg
GA g−1) but extraction rate was not affected by temperature.
Hence the major phenolic fraction in leaves appears to be soluble
in water at temperatures ≤ 40 ◦C. Alternatively, it is possible
that thermal degradation occurs at temperatures > 40 ◦C as
some phenolic compounds are heat-labile.24 Extracts were also
obtained in methanol using a procedure reported to maximize
recovery of phenolic compounds from mangosteen tissues.5 The
procedure yielded bark, leaf and pericarp extracts containing
70.18 ± 6.51, 110.24 ± 9.12 and 37.68 ± 2.98 mg GA g−1 total
phenolics, respectively, indicating that the relative ranking and
yields obtained by extraction withmethanol were similar to those
achieved with water under optimum conditions.
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