Table 6
Soil ES and economic valuation summary — based on Table 1 in Appendix A.
Soil service category Services/functions Valuation method International dollar
(id$) 2012
id$ units
Support functions Biodiversity pool Various methods 2.1 trillion id$/yr−1
Nutrient cycling Replacement cost, market price, hedonic price 24–180 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Soil formation Market price 18–28 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Water cycling Market price 62–126 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Regulating services Biological control of pests and diseases Avoided cost, provision cost 59–268 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Climate regulation Choice experiments, market price, replacement cost 2–268 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Hydrological control Damage cost, hedonic cost, replacement cost, benefit transfer,
defensive expenditure, provision cost, contingent valuation,
choice modelling
30–1175 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Recycling of wastes and detoxification Provision cost 77–330 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Filtering of nutrients and contaminants Provision cost, defensive expenditure 544–6402 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Provisioning services Biomass production Market price, producers price 231–22,219 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Clean water provision Damage cost, net factor, hedonic cost 34–101 id$/ML
Raw materials Producers price 9–147 id$/t
Physical environment Defensive cost, replacement cost, provision cost 32–110 id$/ha−1
/yr−1
Cultural services Heritage Net factor ND No data
Recreation Damage cost 571,720 id$/yr−1
Cognitive No data ND No dat