The energy flow for the HTL bio-oil recovery processes normalized
to 1 unit of energy for the industrial-scale modeling efforts is
shown in Fig. 5(A). The HTL process is 55% efficient in the conversion
of embodied feedstock energy to bio-oil. An additional 5.6% of
the sub-process energy is recovered through a heat exchanger and
burning of HTL gasses and recycled internally to minimize energy
inputs.