One patient required early reoperation for residual MR, and 1 required early reoperation for mitral stenosis. In the latter case the atrioventricular obstruction was found at the subvalvular level at transesophageal echocardiography. The mechanism of stenosis was hypertrophy of the papillary muscles, with impingement in the orifices of the valve.
There were 11 late reoperations, for an overall freedom from reoperation of 90.0% ± 3.37% at 5 years (Figure 2).