Abstract
After Malaysia, Thailand is the world second largest exporter of natural rubber. However,
the processing of natural rubber prior to manufacture into rubber products requires excessive
use of groundwater for its operation and discharges considerable quantities of wastewater.
Overexploitation of groundwater from aquifer creates a serious threat to the source of potable
water supply. Therefore, there is much need to develop sustainable practices for the
improvement of in-plant wastewater control and recycling management. The overall water
balance for the whole factory shows that 70% of the wastewater is generated from the washing
process and ends up in the wastewater treatment plant. With the aim to reduce raw water
consumption and amount of wastewater discharge to a nearby river, the concepts of water
conservation and wastewater reuse are incorporated as a package of the improved wastewater
treatment system. For water reuse purpose, an activated sludge plant coupled with anaerobic
and aerobic systems is recommended to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment system. By
employing rock bed filtration for polishing effluent of treatment plant, raw water consumption
is reduced by 69% and achieves a 77% reduction in the water discharged to the river.
# 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Abstract
After Malaysia, Thailand is the world second largest exporter of natural rubber. However,
the processing of natural rubber prior to manufacture into rubber products requires excessive
use of groundwater for its operation and discharges considerable quantities of wastewater.
Overexploitation of groundwater from aquifer creates a serious threat to the source of potable
water supply. Therefore, there is much need to develop sustainable practices for the
improvement of in-plant wastewater control and recycling management. The overall water
balance for the whole factory shows that 70% of the wastewater is generated from the washing
process and ends up in the wastewater treatment plant. With the aim to reduce raw water
consumption and amount of wastewater discharge to a nearby river, the concepts of water
conservation and wastewater reuse are incorporated as a package of the improved wastewater
treatment system. For water reuse purpose, an activated sludge plant coupled with anaerobic
and aerobic systems is recommended to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment system. By
employing rock bed filtration for polishing effluent of treatment plant, raw water consumption
is reduced by 69% and achieves a 77% reduction in the water discharged to the river.
# 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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