We expect that better structured care based on scientific evidence and adjusted to the patients' needs and priorities can improve the quality of care coordination from both the patients' and caregivers' perspective and can result in less consumption of health care services. Patients with more than one chronic condition might need support to coordinate their care arrangements. This is reflected by the choice for quality of care as perceived by the patient as the main outcome measure. When case management superposed on diabetes management is more effective than diabetes management alone, many patients will benefit from a better organized care, better health outcomes, and more efficient use of health care services. From a societal perspective, effective case management will lead to more efficient health care utilization, and consequently lower costs.