Historically, different routes are chosen to deposit fecal material in the bowel. Strategies range from
fecal enemas (comprising the majority of cases), infusion via duodenal or gastric tube, through colonoscopy
and self-administration via the rectum
[67].
There currently is no consensus on the best
method of infusion, as it is difficult to compare the vast amount of case series and case reports which
have different protocols and strategies. We have shown that duodenal infusion is an effective modality
to infuse feces, comparable with the high success rates via colonoscopy reported in case reports
[48,67]. Although both modalities have their specific (mostly theoretical) risks, our experience is that
infusing feces through duodenal tube is less invasive and less strenuous than through colonoscopy.
Taking the pathophysiology of specific diseases into account (eg insulin resistance and celiac disease
that originate in the small bowel) [1], we prefer infusion through a duodenal tube route. The potential