The modern and contemporary history of Korea shows a suffering time when Korean people were under Japanese occupation for 36 years and had a fratricidal war for 3 years. South Korea was in a desperate situation because the Seung Man Lee administration (1948-1960) sat on a mountain of debt and the people had nothing to wear and eat. The administration was politically unstabled and President Lee attempted to prolong his rule through the election fraud. The protest against that was continued by students and citizens.