The impact of education is both economically and statistically signicant for all countries: higher education implies a, ceteris paribus, higher probability of working for pay.10 The lowest education impact is observed in Sweden, where highly educated women are 11 percentage point more likely to participate than low educated women, all else equal. In Italy, highly educated women have a probability of participation that is even 47 percentage point higher than otherwise similar low educated women. This seems to indicate that education plays a bigger role in the participation decision for women than for men. Other striking di⁄erences can be observed for the regressors that are related to a households demographic composition. All else equal, in many countries women have a lower probability to participate if they live in a couple (up to about 20 percentage