International Journal of Biological

International
Journal
of
Biological
Macromolecules
j
ourna l
ho me pa g
e:
www.elsevier.com/locate/ijbiomac
Anti-diabetic
properties
of
Momordica
charantia
L.
polysaccharide
in
alloxan-induced
diabetic
mice
Xin
Xua,c,
Bin
Shanb,
Cai-Hu
Liaob,
Jian-Hua
Xiea,∗,
Ping-Wei
Wena,
Jia-Yi
Shid
a State
Key
Laboratory
of
Food
Science
and
Technology,
Nanchang
University,
Nanchang
330047,
China
b College
of
Yingdong
Food
Science
and
Engineering,
Shaoguan
University,
Shaoguan
512005,
China
c College
of
Food
Science
and
Engineering,
Yangzhou
University,
Yangzhou
225127,
China
d School
of
Food
Science
and
Engineering,
Nanjing
University
of
Finance
and
Economics,
Nanjing
210023,
China
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
f
o
Article
history: Received 6 May
2015
Received
in
revised
form
18
August
2015
Accepted
24
August
2015
Available
online
28
August
2015
Keywords: Momordica
charantia
L.
Polysaccharide Hypoglycemic effect Anti-diabetic Alloxan-induced
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
A
water-soluble
polysaccharide
(MCP)
was
isolated
from
the
fruits
of
Momordica
charantia
L.,
and
the
hypoglycemic
effects
of
MCP
were
investigated
in
both
normal
healthy
and
alloxan-induced
diabetic
mice.
MCP
was
orally
administered
once
a
day
after
3
days
of
alloxan-induction
at
100,
200
and
300
mg/kg
body
weight
for
28
day.
Results
showed
that
fasting
blood
glucose
level
(BGL)
was
significantly
decreased,
whereas
the
glucose
tolerance
was
marked
improvement
in
alloxan-induced
diabetic
mice,
and
loss
in
body
weight
was
also
prevented
in
diabetic
mice
compared
to
the
diabetic
control
group.
The
dosage
of
300
mg/kg
body
weight
exhibited
the
best
effects.
In
addition,
MCP
did
not
exhibit
any
toxic
symptoms
in
the
limited
toxicity
evaluation
in
mice.
The
results
suggest
that
MCP
possess
significantly
dose-dependent
anti-diabetic
activity
on
alloxan-induced
diabetic
mice.
Hence,
MCP
can
be
incorporated
as
a
supplement
in
health-care
food,
drugs
and/or
combined
with
other
hypoglycemic
drugs.
©
2015
Elsevier
B.V.
All
rights
reserved.
1.
Introduction
Momordica
charantia
L.
(M.
charantia
L.)
commonly
known
as
‘bitter
gourd’,
‘bitter
melon’,
or
‘karela’
is
a
multi
purpose
herb
widely
cultivated
in
many
tropical
and
subtropical
regions
of
the
world.
The
fruit
of
M.
charantia
L.
are
used
as
vegetable
in
different
parts
of
the
world.
Apart
from
their
role
in
food
consumption,
a
wide
array
of
pharmacological
activities
of
the
fruits
of
M.
charan-
tia
L.,
such
as
antihyperglycemic
[1],
antidiabetic
[2–4],
antifungal
[5],
antioxidant
effects
[6,7],
cytotoxic
activities
[4],
and
inhibitory
activity
against
protein
tyrosine
phosphatas
1B
[8]
have
been
reported.
Yuan
et
al.
reported
that
the
aqueous
extracts
from
M.
charantia
L.
had
significant
hypoglycemic
effect
in
alloxan-induced
diabetic
mice
[9].
However,
the
studies
on
anti-diabetic
effects
of
M.
charantia
L.
were
mainly
focused
on
the
activity
of
the
extracts
[3,10].
Abbreviations:
MCP,
polysaccharide
from
the
fruits
of
Momordica
charantia
L;
BGL,
blood
glucose
level;
HPLC,
high
performance
liquid
chromatography;
PMP,
1-
phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone;
Mw,
molecular
weight.
∗ Corresponding
author
at:
State
Key
Laboratory
of
Food
Science
and
Technology,
Nanchang
University,
No.
235
Nanjing
East
Road,
Nanchang
330047,
Jiangxi,
China.
E-mail
address:
[e-mail]
(J.-H.
Xie).
Diabetes
mellitus,
one
of
the
most
serious
diseases,
has
a
signifi-
cant
impact
on
health,
quality
of
life,
and
life
expectancy
of
patients
as
well
as
on
the
health
care
system
in
the
modern
world.
It
is
a
chronic
disease
characterized
by
high
BGL,
which
can
be
broadly
categorized
into
type
1
and
type
2,
the
former
develops
as
a
result
of
insulin
deficiency
and
the
latter
is
due
to
insulin
resistance.
The
number
of
adults
with
diabetes
in
the
world
was
347
million
[11],
and
this
number
is
likely
to
more
than
double
by
2030.
In
2012
dia-
betes
was
the
direct
cause
of
1.5
million
deaths.
More
than
80%
of
diabetes
deaths
occur
in
low-
and
middle-income
countries.
Yang
et
al.
[12]
estimated
that
more
than
92
million
men
and
women
are
living
with
diabetes
in
China,
or
almost
10
percent
of
adults
in
the
world’s
largest
population
of
1.3
billion
people.
Although
different
types
of
synthetic
oral
hypoglycemic
agents
and
insulin
are
available
for
the
treatment
of
diabetes
mellitus,
insulin
cannot
be
taken
orally
and
the
synthetic
agents
can
produce
serious
side
effects
and
toxicity.
Therefore,
sear

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