For example, “1-to-1 computing” has been a pow- erful initiative in many districts (see Henrico County, Virginia) and states. It works as a policy campaign. It is very easy for mayors and governors to get their heads around it and back it. The only problem is that it doesn’t work without profound changes in pedagogy. How many of us have visited 1-to-1 classrooms, schools, or colleges, in this country and others, only to see teachers lecturing and students taking notes? Places like Henrico County complain they didn’t get the punch they expected from 1-to-1. And many understand that they didn’t due to the limitations of traditional education to exploit the potential for creating self-directed learners.