Annual budget usefulness (USEFULNESS). To our knowledge, no well-established instrument exists yet for this construct. Hansen & Van der Stede (2004: 418) select a list of four reasons-to-budget: operational planning, performance evaluation, communication of goals, and strategy formation. These certainly form the key reasons why budgets are set up, but since major textbooks persist in listing a larger number of reasons, we decided to expand the list to eight items, the main sources being two textbooks: Ax et al. (2005) and Drury (2004). The respondents were asked to circle a point on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all useful) to 7 (very useful). The items were formulated (abbreviated here) as follows:
Annual budget usefulness (USEFULNESS). To our knowledge, no well-established instrument exists yet for this construct. Hansen & Van der Stede (2004: 418) select a list of four reasons-to-budget: operational planning, performance evaluation, communication of goals, and strategy formation. These certainly form the key reasons why budgets are set up, but since major textbooks persist in listing a larger number of reasons, we decided to expand the list to eight items, the main sources being two textbooks: Ax et al. (2005) and Drury (2004). The respondents were asked to circle a point on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all useful) to 7 (very useful). The items were formulated (abbreviated here) as follows:
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