The industrial-scale production of many food products is energy-intensive. Industrial food processes have been designed traditionally assuming abundant and cheap availability of resources. Foods are generally produced in large facilities due to economies of scale, requiring transportation to the retail and consumers. Transportation requires sufficient shelf life of raw materials or food products, which can be achieved by intensive sterilisation, use of preservatives or drying steps. On the other hand, fresh food products are preserved under cooling or frozen conditions or are pasteurized (e.g. dairy products).