Surface-activity determination
Surface tension measurements of culture broth supernatants
were performed according to the Ring method
Table 4 Composition of bioemulsifiers produced by
different bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi
Composition Microorganism
Bacteria C+L+P Aeribacillus pallidus YM-1 [10]
Geobacillus pallidus XS2 [9]
Lactobacillus pentosus CECT4023 [41]
Variovorax paradoxus 7bCT5 [8]
C+L Aeromonas spp. [4]
Rhodococcus sp. TA6 [23]
C+P Bacillus licheniformis ACO1 [6]
Streptomyces sp. MC1 [20]
L+P Pseudomonas nitroreducens TSB.MJ10
[11]
C Halomonas eurihalina F2-7 [5]
Yeasts C+L+P Yarrowia lipolytica [15]
C+L Geotrichum sp. [13]
Trichosporon spp. [12,14]
Filamentous
fungi
C+L+P Penicillium sp. [16]
C: carbohydrate; L: lipid; P: protein.
Gudiña et al. Microbial Cell Factories (2015) 14:14 Page 8 of 11
described elsewhere [43]. A KRÜSS K6 Tensiometer
(KRÜSS GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) equipped with a
1.9 cm De Noüy platinum ring was used. To increase
the accuracy of the surface tension measurements, an
average of triplicates was conducted. All the measurements
were performed at room temperature (20°C).