Fear and Anxiety 13: Consequences
The consequences of fear and anxiety have common alties, yet the transition period of the outcome
is clearly different. Both have positive effects, for growth and pro tection of the person may
result. Further, negative out comes may contribute to a decline in health or in harm to self or
others. The major difference lies in the immediacy of the effect. Fear networks of the amygdala
have multi ple brain pathways, specifically the orbitofrontal cortex, brain stem, thalamus and
hypothalamus, and hippocam pus (LeDoux, 1996; Maren, 1996; Maren & Baudry, 1995). Its expression
requires amygdaloid connections to the appropriate brain system and a response most suitable to the
incoming stimuli.