A first series of authors concluded that the London gold market was inefficient (Booth and Kaen, 1979; Solt
and Swanson, 1981; Koutsoyiannis, 1983; Lashgari, 1991). Others,
such as Tschoegl (1980) and Aggarwal and Soenen (1988), found
mixed results that did not permit clear-cut conclusions. More recent
work by Hoang (2014) tends to indicate that both the Paris and
London gold markets were inefficient between 1948 and 2008. For
substantial periods of time, currencies were defined by their gold
content. This implied that exchange rates had to fluctuate within
a range. Despite this constraint, Goldman (2000) shows that the
weak-form informational efficiency cannot be rejected for the dollar–sterling
exchange rate