Firstly, as reflected in Katja’s comment, “that is why we are writing it down; so that it
would not stay unclear to anyone”, students were encouraged implicitly and explicitly to make
notes, which teachers facilitated in similar ways. They modelled solutions, as in Katja’s
working through problems contemporaneously with her students or Sami’s encouragement
of students to write percentage equations on the board. Both forms of modelling comprised
public contributions written in silence with no teacher comment. Moreover, three of the four
teachers always wrote in capital letters, which seemed to slow the pace at which they wrote,
leaving students time to copy and read.