Abstract
In this paper, generalstatistics of ship grounding incidents are considered and the damage
extent distributions for Ro–Ro ships are presented from the results of a comprehensive
damage data survey conducted using Lloyd’s Register’s damage database. Theoretical models
and semi-empiricalformulae based on parametric studies are used to study the damage extents
of grounded ships. Two real life grounding accidents are assessed. One is a single hull VLCC
grounded onto a single rock and the other is a cargo ship grounded onto multiple rocks. A
simulation based on a simple multi-rock scenario has been conducted on a 304-m single hull
tanker. Correlation is made between the present calculation method results, statistical results
and IMO requirements. The paper concludes with the main findings from the study. r 2002
Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.