The bamboo culm was cleaned and chopped into segments of
3 cm 15 cm. The moisture content of these chopped bamboo segments
was kept at 10% by air drying. The carbonization process of
BC is as follows: (1) the chopped bamboo segments were loaded
into the chamber of a mechanical kiln; and (2) the chamber temperature
was increased to 500 C with a rate of 100 C/h, and this
temperature was retained for 1 h.