the problem, most do not receive treatment. Thus, of the estimated 20
million identified cases of alcohol use disorders in the Unites States,
less than 20% receive treatment in any year, and treatment is thought
to be inadequate in many cases [5]. Further, treatment programs for
alcohol use disorders in the United States are estimated to cost over
$7 billion annually [6]. Similar costs occur in Europe [7]. Research
has attempted to identify those characteristics of treatment programs
that best predict long-term recovery, and outcome measures have
included engagement, affiliation, retention in treatment, compliance
to treatment, and evidence of sustained remission and/or abstinence
[8-12].