of HPMC-fortified bread. The panel found the same order of hardness
as the instrumental hardness values; however, GS bread
(3.25) scored lower than the reference, commercial white bread
(hardness score: 4).
In conclusion, soy breads were developed by different pretreatments
of soy flour. The optimal soy bread quality, with the highest
loaf volume and softest texture, was made by using germinated soy
flour. On the other hand, heating methods, such as steaming and
roasting, were effective in terms of improving flavour and best consumer
sensory score, despite the lower loaf volume. However, improved
loaf volume and soft texture were attained by adding HPMC
to roasted soy flour, which also offered an extra source of dietary
fibre. Our study results are expected to support the development
of gluten-free and healthier bread with a new taste, using functional
raw materials such as soybeans. We also expect that
improvements in the processing methods will overcome undesirable
flavours, such as the beany flavour in the development of
soy-based foods. Additional research is planned to investigate the
impact of other high protein legume sources on the processing
conditions and the quality of bakery products.