above lack the ability to alter DNA methylation status at a specific target gene or at a specific loca-
tion within that gene (e.g., proximal gene promoters, distal enhancer sites, intragenic locations).
Finally, new methods for manipulation of DNA methylation should be spatially and perhaps even
cellularly restricted. This is critical given that specific neuronal substructures contribute to unique
behavioral and cognitive abilities. Furthermore, even within a defined brain region, it is often the
case that specific cell types (e.g., neurons and glia) exhibit unique epigenetic patterns that con-
tribute to phenotypic divergence (51). Therefore, in the future, the ability of researchers (and,
eventually, clinicians) to target specific epigenetic responses in specific cell types will be essential
to the success of any epigenetic pharmacology. Currently, a tool with all of these capabilities
does not exist, which creates a significant barrier to the discovery of new epigenetic targets for
manipulation of brain function.
above lack the ability to alter DNA methylation status at a specific target gene or at a specific loca-tion within that gene (e.g., proximal gene promoters, distal enhancer sites, intragenic locations).Finally, new methods for manipulation of DNA methylation should be spatially and perhaps evencellularly restricted. This is critical given that specific neuronal substructures contribute to uniquebehavioral and cognitive abilities. Furthermore, even within a defined brain region, it is often thecase that specific cell types (e.g., neurons and glia) exhibit unique epigenetic patterns that con-tribute to phenotypic divergence (51). Therefore, in the future, the ability of researchers (and,eventually, clinicians) to target specific epigenetic responses in specific cell types will be essentialto the success of any epigenetic pharmacology. Currently, a tool with all of these capabilitiesdoes not exist, which creates a significant barrier to the discovery of new epigenetic targets formanipulation of brain function.
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