During the study (2009 to 2012),machinery traffic in the experimental
area was restricted to the crop sowing and mechanical chiseling operation.
The crops were sown with a seeder equipped with drill coulters, in
order to produce the furrow and also to inject fertilizer at 0.05 m and
0.07 m depth for winter and summer crops, respectively, similarly the
depth of action of soil openers typically employed in the subtropical
humid climate region in Brazil. The weight of this seed drill was approximately
2800 kg, while the weight of the tractor used to pull the seed drill
and the chisel plow was around 5000 kg.