The stability exercises for the shoulder joint were
designed to correct the abnormal location of the scapula,
and to encourage symmetric rolling, and PNF (proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation)10). To strengthen the
serratus anterior, a push-up exercise was performed, with
maintenance of scapular protraction for 5–10 seconds in
close-chained motion. For the first 1–2 weeks, knee push-ups
were performed, and at 3–4 weeks, the standard push-up was
performed in order to achieve a gradual increase of exercise
intensity. The exercise for strengthening of the lower
trapezius minimizes muscle activity of the upper trapezius,
and at the same time, maximizes the muscle activity of the
lower trapezius by performance of modified prone cobra, as
suggested by Arlotta11). For the first 1–2 weeks, prone row
was performed, and at 3–4 weeks, modified prone cobra was
performed in order to achieve a gradual increase in exercise
intensity. The Codman exercise was performed for orderly
improvement of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
around the cone when a circle is drawn on the scapulohumeral
joint, and a 3 kg weight was added in order to provide
pulling capacity. The exercise was performed as if drawing
a circle using clockwise rotation and anticlockwise rotation.
The trapezius exercise caused rotation and abduction of the
scapula to achieve sufficient movement of the middle lower
fiber of the trapezius. Subjects received a thorough explanation
on how to perform the same scapular motion for both
sides in order to provide help with scapular rhythm; when
it goes down the exercise is performed like the motion of a
wall clock12). For stretching of the pectoralis minor, subjects
stood beside a doorframe and performed pectoralis minor
self-stretching13). During this exercise subjects’ bodies were
carefully examined to determine whether they were inclined
or rotating. The position of the hand was changed in order to
stretch the whole part of the pectoralis muscle.