Manufacturing of engine blocks are mainly done using sand casting, although die casting also used it is more cost effective as the die wear out easily due to the high temperature of the molten metal. The casted engine block is then machined to get the surface finish and coolant passages.
In the sand casting processors the widely used in engine block casting is green sand mould casting. The term green denotes the present of moisture in the sand mold. A combination of silica sand, clay, and water are poured in to the one half of the aluminum block pattern with wood or metal frame. The mould is then compacted by applying pressure or vibrating on the metal frame. This process is repeated for the other half of the mold. Then both halves of the mould are removed from the pattern.