water permeability of
2.3–9.4 L/(m2 h bar) were obtained. The composite membranes
exhibited lower susceptibility to fouling. Bottino [15] studied sulfonated
polyvinylidene fluoride membranes systematically and
found that the modification process increased the hydrophilicity
and antifouling capability of the membranes. Munari [16] prepared
anisotropic sulfonated PVDF membranes, which exhibited excellent
antifouling ability against protein.