Drug Consult with the patient's obstetrician Considerations for use
Paracetamol B Use with no risk
Amoxicillin B Use with no risk
Clindamycin B Use with no risk
Metronidazole B Use with no risk
(After 1st trimester
for 24 to 72 hrs only)
Chlorhexidine rinse B Use with no risk
Non-steroidal C (most of them) Consult with the
anti-inflammatory patient's obstetrician
drugs (NSAIDs) Use only if it is needed
Local anaesthetic FDA Category Considerations for use
Lidocaine (2%) B Use with no risk
Mepivacaine (3%) C Consult with the patient's obstetrician
Use only if it is needed
Prilocaine B Use with no risk
Bupivacaine C Consult with the patient's obstetrician
Use only if it is needed.
Etidocaine B Use with no risk
Procaine C Consult with the patient's obstetrician
Use only if it is needed
Articaine C Consult with the patient's obstetrician
Use only if it is needed
Table 1. Drugs used in dentistry (with FDA pregnancy risk category [2])
A Adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women failed to demonstrate risk to fetus
B No evidence of risk in humans; animal studies show risk but human findings do not; or animal
findings are negative and no adequate human studies have been performed
C Human studies are lacking and animal studies are either lacking or test positive for fetal risk;
however, potential benefits may justify the risk
D Positive evidence of risk; investigational or post-marketing data show risk to foetus; however,
potential benefits may outweigh risks (as with some anti-convulsive medications)
Table 2. Class definition according to the FDA classifications for drugs in terms of their safety
during pregnancy [2]