The authors opted to administer a qualitative
instrument. The instrument was used consecutively to
strengthen the quality of evidence that would help
identify how teachers perceive STEM education and code
their perceptions using a grounded theory approach to
data analysis. The study used focus group interviews to
discuss science teachers’ familiarity with and perceptions
of STEM education and interdisciplinary activities
conducted in their schools. The 21 participating teachers
involved in the focus groups represented 21 different
middle schools in Riyadh from a total of 418 schools.
Teachers were randomly grouped on their arrival at the
local district office, where the focus group took place,
into five groups.