Transformational leaders focus on charismatic-success, and reach it by stimulating subordinates
intellectually, meeting their needs one by one and encouraging subordinates intellectually. Being
charismatic makes the leader gain great power and effect. By this mean, employees identify themselves
with their leader and feels great belief and confidence for their leader. This leader suggests he can do
anything for his/her followers when they work well. They pay attention to the employees individually and
the different characteristics of their employees. They consult to those who want to grow and develop
themselves. The employees working with intellectual stimulation produce solutions by considering the
problems out of the ordinary. Difficulties are seen to be the problems needed to be solved. Employees
admitted that they spent more effort if their leaders showed this type of leadership [10].Transformational
leadership has four components, which are explained in detail below.
Charisma-Idealized influence: Burns and Bass divided charisma or idealized influence in
transformational leadership into two sub-factors. Idealized influence attribute and idealized influence
behavior [47]. Here, leaders are faithful, inspire confidence, do not collapse in case of difficult situations,
protect their most important values or show they protect, is aware of the goal that should be succeeded,
show loyalty to the purpose and make decisions by considering ethical and moral aspects. This type of
people becomes a source of confidence and proud for the employees.
Inspirational motivation: Leaders are more optimistic for future and they present a continuously
developing vision and high standard models and they make enthusiastic speeches, encourage their
subordinates and tell them why the thing that must be done should be done.
Intellectual stimulation: Here, leaders question the status quo, try to change traditions and beliefs.
They present the employees new viewpoints and enable these people to be able to look at the events from
different perspectives. They encourage them about telling their opinions and stimulate creativity.
Individualized consideration: Leaders are interested in the employees’ needs and abilities, they listen
to them carefully, give advice for their self-development, they teach and direct them [45].In the
transformational leadership, it is important to make employees gain vision, make them believe change is
necessary and instill them belief. Thus, free ideas can be presented by enhancing efforts, desires and
wishes of the employees [31].Transactional leaders motivate employees for the expected success while
transformational leaders aim more than the expected. In the transformational leadership, employees are
committed to their leaders. This type of leader enables his/her employees to change and develop the
organization [28].