As authors have documented in their articles,
the Babas maintained the other the Pen economic and cultural ties across the region.
Like their cousins in Melaka hospitality Nyonya dressed in baju panjang and sarong,
offered sieh as a mark of and availed themselves of the vibrantly coloured Nyonya porcelains made in China to Baba taste.
Alongside these observable similarities, they developed regionally specific identities that were also reflected in their material culture.