2.2. Frying Chicken nuggets samples were fried in 3 kg oil blend, consisting of a mixture of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated oils using a domestic electric fryer (5 l). The frying oil was maintained at 72 1C of the set temperature (190 1C) using a programmable temperature controller (Eutech Instrument Pte Ltd., Singapore). The fresh oil was preheated at 190 1C for 2 h prior to normal frying. Three samples were fried in each frying batch to reduce temperature fluctuations during frying. The samples were placed in a wire basket to keep them submerged for the required times of 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 s. The temperature of the frying oil was monitored using a T-type thermocouple (copper vs. constantan). After the frying time, the samples were immediately withdrawn from oil, and were blotted gently with dry tissue paper to remove excess oil on the surface. The samples were allowed to cool to room temperature before further tests. Oil and moisture contents of the samples were measured as well as their texture and colour attributes.