Five ways of connecting the guard of the guarded meter will be considered.
The analysis of each case is simplified by calculating the input voltage at the meter, (VHIVLO), as a function of circuit parameters.
In the first case, we will leave the guard terminal open-circuited.
We assume that the input resistances of the meter or DA, Ri, are very large—at least 108.
The resistances of the twisted pair wires, RC1¼RC2¼RC are about 0.1.
The source resistance (RS) is 1000 and Z1 and Z2 are typically capacitive reactances of about 105.
As can be seen from Figure 3.42, the differential input voltage to the meter, Vd, can be considered to be the unbalance voltage of a Wheatstone bridge whose four arms are RC, (RSþRC), Ri and Ri.
The voltage across the bridge, VB, is approximately given by: