material recovery. This means that the SIT is potentially more ecologically
efficient than LF and INC from the perspective of urban
carbon cycling and metabolism. However, IF and INC also have
potential to provide a carbon source to the urban system due to
the application of innovative technology. For example, enhanced
landfill mining could recycle soil-like materials to green land, and
it could also recover the carbon as fossil fuels (plastic wastes, wood,
etc.) (Krook, 2010); in addition, the incineration bottom ash could
be recycled as constructing materials (e.g., regenerated bricks).