The proportions of different PUFAs in cell membranes
reflect the amounts consumed in the diet [5]. As outlined
below, there is considerable evidence that dietary PUFA
supplementation can influence biosynthetic pathways involved
in both prostaglandin synthesis and steroidogenesis that have
multiple roles in the regulation of reproductive function.
Furthermore, the PUFA composition of the cell membranes of
the sperm and oocyte is important during fertilization [9].
Surprisingly little is known about the overall effects of PUFAs
on fertility, although both positive and negative actions are
theoretically possible. This review will focus on four areas of
reproduction where PUFAs are thought to make a difference:
establishment of pregnancy, uterine activity, preterm labor, and
male fertility.