Table 2 Ethanol cost reduction opportunities Items Current cost, bt/litre Farm cost reducing to Bt553 per tonne
Options in ethanol conversion phase
Feedstock (cassava chips) Ethanol conversion Chemicals Utilities (bunker oil, electricity) Repair and maintenance Insurance Wage and salary Depreciation Total production cost Profit margin Ex-distillery price Ethanol transportation/distribution Co-product utilization CO2 Manure Ex-refinery price
11.71 6.37 1.43 2.42 0.21 0.14 1.34 0.83 18.08 3.62 21.70 0.50
22.20
7.34 6.37
13.71 2.74 16.45 0.5
16.95
11.71 4.35 1.43 0.4 0.21 0.14 1.34 0.83 16.06 1.16 17.22 0.5
-0.31 -0.46 16.95
Figure