This study attempts to determine students’ understanding of heat and temperature on the large scale. Heat and Temperature Concepts Questionnaire (HTCQ) was constructed by following the steps of constructional process of the multiple choice questionnaires which were suggested by Robbins (1998). The HTCQ consisted of one open- ended and nineteen multiple-choice questions, which were developed from both interview data and the literature review. They are described as follows: Step 1: Stating of purpose; this questionnaire used for investigating students’ alternative conceptions of heat and temperature. Most questions are situated in everyday contexts; Step 2: Questions from 1 to 26 were original from Yeo and Zadnik (2001). Step 3: Questions 28 and 29 were original from Rosalind Driver (1985). Step 4: Questions 27 and 30 were original from Elwan Almahdi (2007).