Genomic strategies have also been productive. For example, novel ChRs have been identified by genomic search strategies in the colonial alga Volvox carteri, expanding the family of known ChRs to four members. Volvox ChR2 absorbs similarly to ChR2 with a maximum near 470 nm, but the Volvox ChR1 (VChR1) absorption is strikingly red-shifted to a maximum at 540 nm (Fig. 1) and allows light-driven spike firing at 589 nm, which has profound advantages for optogenetic applications (Zhang et al. 2008; Kianianmomeni et al. 2009). Generally, light at longer wavelengths is less deleterious for biological tissue. Moreover, tools with diverse spectral tuning offer the potential of addressing multiple distinct neuronal populations that are anatomically intermixed, with different colors of light. Identification of natural opsins in this way, along with rational engineering for novel properties, will likely continue to be productive.
Genomic strategies have also been productive. For example, novel ChRs have been identified by genomic search strategies in the colonial alga Volvox carteri, expanding the family of known ChRs to four members. Volvox ChR2 absorbs similarly to ChR2 with a maximum near 470 nm, but the Volvox ChR1 (VChR1) absorption is strikingly red-shifted to a maximum at 540 nm (Fig. 1) and allows light-driven spike firing at 589 nm, which has profound advantages for optogenetic applications (Zhang et al. 2008; Kianianmomeni et al. 2009). Generally, light at longer wavelengths is less deleterious for biological tissue. Moreover, tools with diverse spectral tuning offer the potential of addressing multiple distinct neuronal populations that are anatomically intermixed, with different colors of light. Identification of natural opsins in this way, along with rational engineering for novel properties, will likely continue to be productive.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
