Ten subjects (6 female subjects and 4 male subjects), 15.7 3.0years of age (range: 10 –19 years), who had T1DM for 1 year participated in the study. All subjects had hemoglobin A1c levels of 10% and had been treated with an insulin pump for3 months (Table 1). They were outpatients at the Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center of Childhood Diabetes,Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Clinical Investigation and by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Written informed consent was signed by all participants and by the parents of those 18 years of age