3. Value creation : time is money. Buffett assessed intrinsic value as the present value of future expected performance:
all other methods fall short in determining whether] an investor is indeed buying something for what it is worth and is therefore truly operating on the principle of obtaining value for his investments. Irrespective of whether a business grows or doesn't, displays volatility or smoothness in earnings. or carries a high price or low in relation to its current earnings and book value, the investment shown by the discounted-flows-of-cash calculation to be the cheapest is the one that the investor should purchase.
Enlarging on his discussion of intrinsic value Buffett used an educational example: We define intrinsic value the discounted value of the cash that can be taken out of a business during its remaining life. Anyone calculating intrinsic value necessarily comes up with a highly subjective figure that will change both as estimates of future cash flows are revised and as interest rates move.Despite its fuzziness, however, intrinsic value is all important and is the only logical way to evaluate the relative attractiveness of investments and businesses.
To see how historical(book value) and future output(intrinsic value) can diverge, in let us look at another form of investment, a college education. Think of the education's cost book value." If it is to be accurate, the cost should include the earnings that were as its For this exercise, we foregone by the student because he chose college rather than a job will ignore the important non-economic benefits of education and focus strictly on its an economic value. First, estimate the earnings that the graduate will receive over we must his lifetime and subtract from that figure an estimate of what he would have earned had he lacked his education. That gives us an excess earnings figure, which must then be discounted, at an appropriate interest rate, back to graduation day. The dollar result equals the intrinsic economic value of the education. Some graduates will find that the book value of their education exceeds its intrinsic value, which means that whoever paid for the education didn't get his money's worth. In other cases, the intrinsic value of an education will far exceed its book value, a result that proves capital was wisely deployed. In all cases, what is clear is that book value is meaningless as an indicator of intrinsic value.
to illustrate mechanics of this example, consider the hypothetical case presented in exhibit 4 Suppose an individual has the opportunity to invest tis is its cost or book value. This business w throw $50 million in a bus off cash at the rate of 20% of its investment base each year. Suppose that instead of dividends, owner decides to reinvest all cash flow back into receiving any the the business at this rate, the book value of the business will grow at 20% per year Suppose that the investor plans to sell the business for its book value at the end of the fifth Does this i create value for the individual? One year. determines this by discounting the future cash flows to the present at a cost of equity of 15%. Suppose that this is the investor's opportunity cost, the required return that could have been earned elsewhere at comparable risk. Dividing the present value of future cash flows(ie, Buffett's intrinsic value by the cost of the investment(ie, Buffett's book value) indicates that every dollar invested buys securities worth $1.23. Value is created
Consider an opposing case, summarized in Exhibit 5. The example is similar in all respects, except for one key difference: the annual return on the investment is 10%. The result is that every dollar invested buys securities worth $0.80. Value is destroyed.
Comparing the two cases in Exhibits 4 and 5, the difference in value creation and destruction is driven entirely the relationship between the expected returns and the discount rate: in the first case, the spread is positive; in the second case it is negative. Only in the instance where expected returns equal the discount rat will book value equal intrinsic value. In short, book value or the investment outlay may not reflect the economic reality. One needs to focus on the prospective rates of return and how they compare to the required rate of return.
3. Value creation : time is money. Buffett assessed intrinsic value as the present value of future expected performance:
all other methods fall short in determining whether] an investor is indeed buying something for what it is worth and is therefore truly operating on the principle of obtaining value for his investments. Irrespective of whether a business grows or doesn't, displays volatility or smoothness in earnings. or carries a high price or low in relation to its current earnings and book value, the investment shown by the discounted-flows-of-cash calculation to be the cheapest is the one that the investor should purchase.
Enlarging on his discussion of intrinsic value Buffett used an educational example: We define intrinsic value the discounted value of the cash that can be taken out of a business during its remaining life. Anyone calculating intrinsic value necessarily comes up with a highly subjective figure that will change both as estimates of future cash flows are revised and as interest rates move.Despite its fuzziness, however, intrinsic value is all important and is the only logical way to evaluate the relative attractiveness of investments and businesses.
To see how historical(book value) and future output(intrinsic value) can diverge, in let us look at another form of investment, a college education. Think of the education's cost book value." If it is to be accurate, the cost should include the earnings that were as its For this exercise, we foregone by the student because he chose college rather than a job will ignore the important non-economic benefits of education and focus strictly on its an economic value. First, estimate the earnings that the graduate will receive over we must his lifetime and subtract from that figure an estimate of what he would have earned had he lacked his education. That gives us an excess earnings figure, which must then be discounted, at an appropriate interest rate, back to graduation day. The dollar result equals the intrinsic economic value of the education. Some graduates will find that the book value of their education exceeds its intrinsic value, which means that whoever paid for the education didn't get his money's worth. In other cases, the intrinsic value of an education will far exceed its book value, a result that proves capital was wisely deployed. In all cases, what is clear is that book value is meaningless as an indicator of intrinsic value.
to illustrate mechanics of this example, consider the hypothetical case presented in exhibit 4 Suppose an individual has the opportunity to invest tis is its cost or book value. This business w throw $50 million in a bus off cash at the rate of 20% of its investment base each year. Suppose that instead of dividends, owner decides to reinvest all cash flow back into receiving any the the business at this rate, the book value of the business will grow at 20% per year Suppose that the investor plans to sell the business for its book value at the end of the fifth Does this i create value for the individual? One year. determines this by discounting the future cash flows to the present at a cost of equity of 15%. Suppose that this is the investor's opportunity cost, the required return that could have been earned elsewhere at comparable risk. Dividing the present value of future cash flows(ie, Buffett's intrinsic value by the cost of the investment(ie, Buffett's book value) indicates that every dollar invested buys securities worth $1.23. Value is created
Consider an opposing case, summarized in Exhibit 5. The example is similar in all respects, except for one key difference: the annual return on the investment is 10%. The result is that every dollar invested buys securities worth $0.80. Value is destroyed.
Comparing the two cases in Exhibits 4 and 5, the difference in value creation and destruction is driven entirely the relationship between the expected returns and the discount rate: in the first case, the spread is positive; in the second case it is negative. Only in the instance where expected returns equal the discount rat will book value equal intrinsic value. In short, book value or the investment outlay may not reflect the economic reality. One needs to focus on the prospective rates of return and how they compare to the required rate of return.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
