Pan (1992) wrote that an accurate estimation of the total pipeline air pressure drop is widely considered to be one of
the most important aspects of pneumatic conveying system design.
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In addition, there are numerous influential parameters (such as velocity; particle properties; pipe length, diameter, and material; and determination of the total pipeline air pressure drop in pipelines with different lengths, diameters, steps, and bends) that directly affect the effectiveness of a conveying system.