where Dt (g/100 g dry starch) is the digested starch at time t, D0 is the digested starch at time t=0, D∞ is the digestion at infinite time (D0 +D∞−o), and K is the rate constant (min−1). The Microsoft Excel Solver® was used to compute the parameters of the model by minimising the sum of squares of residuals (SUMSQ) and constraining D∞ ≤100 g/100 g dry starch, and D0 ≥0 g/100 g dry starch. In addition to the coefficient of determination (r2), the predictive ability of the models was assessed with the mean relative deviation modulus(MRDM) as described before (Mahasukhonthachat et al., 2010).