All samples were filtered with a 0.45 mm disposal hydrophobic filter (Dismic-13
HP, Advantec, Toyo Roshi Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The conversion of glucose or
mannose was calculated as the concentration of glucose or mannose released
compared to the initial glucose or mannose concentration in Japanese cedar
(Table S1). The efficiency of ethanol production was calculated as the ethanol concentration
in the total reaction volume compared to the theoretical ethanol yield
based on the amount of glucose and mannose present in the initial substrate, i.e., 1 g
of Japanese cedar (10% w/v). The theoretical yield is calculated from the stoichiometry
of the conversion of glucose and mannose to ethanol, which states that 1 mol
of glucose or mannose can yield 2 mol of ethanol. The data presented in the tables
are the mean values of three independent experiments.