Domestic wastewater treatment under specific influent conditions seriously stressed with total dissolved
solids (TDS) and copper (Cu) metal was examined by a laboratory-scale model of the phytoremediation
process with the attached growth system using Typha sp. As compared with conventional
wetland systems, the process showed more stability and improved performance (88 ± 1.1% BOD5,
73 ± 1.0% NH3eN, 48 ± 2.0% PO4eP) at high organic loading rate (314 ± 18 g BOD5/m3
/d) either in the
presence of high TDS (~2500 mg/L) or Cu metal (~30 mg/L). Typha sp. could tolerate TDS concentrations
up to 2500 mg/L. Cu-contaminated sewage can cause plant morphological deformities if the metal
exceeds the saturation limit of 2416 and 21,036 mg/kg Cu in the shoots and roots, respectively. A minor
reduction in the TDS (21%) was observed at the highest tolerable limit, whereas 67% reduction of Cu was
observed at the process effluent. The process holds a great promise for main advantages of improved
biofilm formation, reduced footprint, energy savings and increased efficiency in domestic wastewater
treatment even under unfavorable conditions stressed by TDS and Cu.
Domestic wastewater treatment under specific influent conditions seriously stressed with total dissolvedsolids (TDS) and copper (Cu) metal was examined by a laboratory-scale model of the phytoremediationprocess with the attached growth system using Typha sp. As compared with conventionalwetland systems, the process showed more stability and improved performance (88 ± 1.1% BOD5,73 ± 1.0% NH3eN, 48 ± 2.0% PO4eP) at high organic loading rate (314 ± 18 g BOD5/m3/d) either in thepresence of high TDS (~2500 mg/L) or Cu metal (~30 mg/L). Typha sp. could tolerate TDS concentrationsup to 2500 mg/L. Cu-contaminated sewage can cause plant morphological deformities if the metalexceeds the saturation limit of 2416 and 21,036 mg/kg Cu in the shoots and roots, respectively. A minorreduction in the TDS (21%) was observed at the highest tolerable limit, whereas 67% reduction of Cu wasobserved at the process effluent. The process holds a great promise for main advantages of improvedbiofilm formation, reduced footprint, energy savings and increased efficiency in domestic wastewatertreatment even under unfavorable conditions stressed by TDS and Cu.
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