In addition, the concept of microbial consortia is a warrant of further exploration. Research has shown that the consortia are likely to confer addictive metabolic action of microbial strains towards substrates of interest rather than individual microbes. Our preliminary results showed that E. coli VL8 and E. casseliflavus CP1 in combination as a consortium was able to degrade glucoraphanin better and produced sulforaphane as ITC product five times the amount of sulforaphane produced by E. casseliflavus CP1 alone (unpublished data). Interestingly, E. coli VL8 alone did not produce any sulforaphane from glucoraphanin at all, however it seemed to play a role in increasing production of sulforaphane from glucoraphanin metabolism indicating an additive action of both strains as an advantage over microbes in isolation.