Measuring instruments and outcomes
Pain NRS was used to evaluate the pain intensity. This
scale has 11 points, with 0 representing ‘no pain’ and
10 representing ‘as bad as one can imagine’.
The TUG test measures the time it takes for an individual
to get up from an armchair without using their
arms after the examiner gives the verbal command
‘GO’, walk 3 m at normal speed, turn around, walk
back and sit down again on the chair. The patients
wore their usual shoes, and supports such as canes
were not used to help them to walk. The test was performed
once for familiarisation and a second time for
measurement.30–32
Isokinetic dynamometry involved the patients
sitting on the chair of the Cybex Norm-6000 isokinetic
dynamometer with the knee to be evaluated positioned
at a 60° angle. The patients performed three
maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC)
and the peak torque was then recorded.22 33